25 Chapter 2
Exercise 2.2
Q2ii). Evaluate
( 1 + ω -
ω 2 )7 Take LHS ( - 1 + i 3 ) 4 ( - 1 - i 3 ) 5 =
( 2 ω ) 4 . ( 2 ω 2 ) 5 Sol: Since
( 1 + ω -ω 2 )7 ( { } )
2 4 ω 4 .2
5 ω10 16 32
ω
4 10
512 ω14( ) 512 ω 12 .
ω 2512
( ω 3 )
4 ω
2
512 1.
ω
2
512
ω
2
Q4i). Show that Sol: Take RHS( x - y )( x - ω y )( x - ω 2 y ) ( 1 + 3 ω - ω 2 )( 1 + ω -
2 ω 2 ) ( ) { ( ) ( ) } ( 1 + 3 ω - ω 2 )( 1 + ω - 2 ω 2 ) ( { } ) ( { } )
== × ==== × =
( ){ } ( ) { ( ) } ( )( )
( ) { ( ) } ( )( ) ( )( )
( ){ }
( )( )( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+ = 1 + ω - ω 2 7 ∴ 1 + ω + ω
2
=
0
= - ω 2 - ω 2 7 1
+ ω = -
ω
2
= ( - 2 ω 2 ) 7 = ( -
2
)
7 ω
2 ×7
= - 128 ω 14 = -
128
ω
12 +
2
= - 128 ( ω 3 ) 4 ω 2 = -
128. ( 1
)
4 ω
2
= -
128
ω
2
Q2iii). Evaluate
Sol: Since
Q2iii). Evaluate ( 1 + 3 w + w 2 )( 1 + w - 2 w 2 ) Sol: Since ( 1 + 3 w + w 2 )( 1 + w - 2 w 2 ) ( )( ) ( )( )
x 3 - y 3 = ( x - y )( x - ω y )( x - ω 2 y ) = x - y x x - ω 2 y - ω y x -
ω
2
y
= x - y x 2 - ω 2 xy - ω xy +
ω
3 y
2
= 1 + ω + 2 ω - ω 2 1 + ω -
2
ω
2
= x - y x 2 - ω 2 + ω xy +
ω
3 y
2
= - ω 2 + 2 ω - ω 2 - ω 2 - 2 ω 2 ∴ 1
+ ω = -
ω
2
= x - y x 2 - - 1 xy +
1.y
2
= - ω 2 + 2 ω - ω 2 - ω 2 -
2
ω
2
= x - y x 2 + xy +
y
2
= 2 ω - 2 ω 2 -
3
ω
2
= x 3 - y 3
=
LHS = 2 ω - ω 2 -
3
ω
2
Hence
x 3 - y 3 = ( x - y )( x - ω y )( x - ω 2 y ) = - 6ω -
ω 2 ω
2
Q4ii). Show that
( 1 + ω )( 1 + ω 2 )( 1 + ω 4 )( 1 + ω 8 ) = 1 = - 6 ω . ω 2 -
ω 2 .
ω
2
= - 6 ω 3 - ω 3 ω ∴ ω
3
=
1
= - 6 1-
ω
Sol: Take LHS
( 1 + ω )( 1 + ω 2 )( 1 + ω 4 )( 1 + ω 8 ) ( )( )( )( ) ( )( )( )( ) Rearranging the same factors
( 1 + 2 ω )( 1 + 2 ω 2 )( 1 - ω - ω 2 ) =
6 Hence
Relation between the roots ( Solutions ) and the coefficients of the quadratic equation Let α , β be the roots of the quadratic
equation so that
and
The Sum of the roots ( 1 + 2 ω )( 1 + 2 ω 2 )( 1 - ω - ω 2 ) =
6 ( - 1 + i 3 ) 4 ( - 1 - i 3 )
5 =
512ω 2 ( ) ( )
ω = - 1 + i 2 3 and ω 2 = - 1 - i 2 3 ⇒ 2 ω = - 1 + i 3 and 2 ω 2 = - 1 -
i 3 = 1 + ω 1 + ω 2 1 + ω 3 ω 1 +
ω 6 ω
2
= 1 + ω 1 + ω 2 1 + ω 1 + ω 2 ∴ ω
3
=
1
= ( 1 + ω )( 1 + ω )( 1 + ω 2 )( 1
+
ω
2
) = 1 + w + w 2 + 2 w - w 2 -
2
w
2
= ( 1 + ω ) 2 ( 1
+
ω
2
) 2 = 0 + 2 w -
3
w
2
= { ( 1 + ω )( 1
+
ω
2
) } 2 = -
6w
3
= -
6 Q3i). Prove that Sol: Take LHS ( 1 + 2 ω )( 1 + 2 ω 2 )( 1 - ω - ω 2 ) = { 11 ( + 2 ω 2 ) + 2 ω ( 1 + 2 ω 2 ) } ( 1
- { ω +
ω
2
} ) = { 1 + 2 ω 2 + 2 ω + 4 ω
3
} ( 1 - { -
1
} )
= { 1 ( 1 + ω 2 ) + ω ( 1
+
ω
2
) } 2 = { 1+ ω 2 + ω +
ω
3
} 2 = { 0 +
1
}
2
=12= 1 = RHS
( 1 + ω )( 1 + ω 2 )( 1 + ω 4 )( 1 + ω 8 ) = 1 = { 1 + 2 ( ω 2 + ω ) + 4.1 }( 1 +
1
) = { 1 + 2 ( - 1 ) +
4 }( 2
) = ( 1 - 2 +
4 )( 2
) =( 3 )( 2
)ax 2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠
0 α =
- b + b 2 - 4ac 2a = 6 =
RHS Hence
Q3ii). Prove that
Sol: As
β =
- b - b 2 - 4ac 2a Sum = α + β = - b + b 2 2a - 4ac + - b - b 2
- 4ac 2a - b + b 2 - 4ac + - b - b 2
-
4ac =
2a
=
- b + b 2 - 4ac - b - b 2
- 4ac 2a
=
- b - b + b 2 - 4ac - b 2
- 4ac 2a
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